Apologia Marine Essay Example for Free

Apologia Marine Essay 1. Definitions a. Digestion The procedure by whichc a living being takes vitality from its environmental factors and uses it to support itself, create and develop. b. Photosynthesis-the procedure by which a life form utilizes the vitality from the sun to deliver its own food c. Autotrophs-creatures that can deliver their own food d. Heterotrophs-creatures that can't cause their own food and must to get it from different life forms e. breath †the procedure by which food is changed over into usable vitality forever works f. homeostasis †the propensity of living beings to control or direct changes in their inner condition g. dissemination †the development of atoms from a region of high focus to a territory of low fixation h. assimilation †the dissemination of water over a specifically penetrable layer I. osmoconformer †and living beings that permits its inner convergence of salts to change so as to coordinate the outside grouping of salts in the encompassing water j. Osmo controller †a life form that directs its interior convergence of salts k. Poikilotherm-a creature whose internal heat level changes with its general condition l. ectotherm †a living being whose internal heat level is constrained by its general condition m. homeotherm-a creature that keeps up a controlled interior internal heat level utilizing its own warming and cooling of instruments n. Endotherm-a creature whose inside internal heat level is an aftereffect of inward wellsprings of warmth o. a sexual multiplication †generation achieved by a solitary creature p. sexual generation †multiplication that includes the association of gametes from two living beings: a male and a female q. binomial terminology †distinguishing a living being by a sort and animal groups name 2. starches, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids 3. oxygen levels would be lower around evening time than during the day 4. no, they should benefit from additional material made by photographs blending plants 5. no, the two gatherings containing living beings like that 6. populace 7. water will head out without really trying to the outside 8. the body liquids would change. There would be more focus ofâ dissolved substances in the body 9. no. They could have warm blood if their condition is warm 10. indeed 11. no 12. the plant from the cutting 13. the cell with 24 chromosomes 14. the cell with 12 chromosomes 15. indeed Apologia Marine. (2016, Mar 10). We have papers on the accompanying points that might bear some significance with you

Free Essays on Praisesong For The Widow

America is a nation with individuals of different societies all-attempting to blend in or sometimes attempting to coordinate themselves. Numerous individuals, particularly in America go their entire lives not knowing their actual personality, in light of the fact that they’re to caught up with attempting to acclimatize into another culture to feel acknowledged and needed from the predominant gathering. Concerning Avey Johnson who is an African-American lady who gets numerous leisure’s, is tried to be a lost and complex character. In the novel Praisesong for the Widow by Paule Marshall is an about a white collar class African-American widow, Avey Johnson who sets off into the Caribbean in a journey transport, Bianca Pride with two of her companions. As the boat lands in Grenada she is spooky by bad dreams of her Great auntie Cuney. Her bad dream stirs in her a vacancy and aching for something that she can't at first clarify. Her life about that point had appeared to be fruitful, particularly according to other people, practically like the American dream. Inside this piece of the novel an excursion of recovery and recuperating of a past that has been to a great extent of her more youthful years and get in the American long for money related security and a White-characterized decency. Paule Marshall brings the peruser into an excursion of a confounded disturbed widow on a costly voyage, who at that point gets herself and frees herself into a more profound comprehension Guevara 2 of her social and familial legacy. Inside the start of the novel, the peruser can foresee a feeling of lost personality inside the character, when her little girl, Marion delivers her regarding why she wants to go on these travels with individuals who don’t completely acknowledge her as an equivalent. At the point when she at long last looked into it had been everything she could do, from her demeanor, not to connect and get her mom by the shoulders and shake her the manner in which she may have one of her students. To shake sense into her. â€Å"Why go on some pointless journey with a lot of white people... Free Essays on Praisesong For The Widow Free Essays on Praisesong For The Widow America is a nation with individuals of different societies all-attempting to blend in or sometimes attempting to coordinate themselves. Numerous individuals, particularly in America go their entire lives not knowing their actual character, in light of the fact that they’re to occupied with attempting to absorb into another culture to feel acknowledged and needed from the predominant gathering. With respect to Avey Johnson who is an African-American lady who gets numerous leisure’s, is tried to be a lost and complex character. In the novel Praisesong for the Widow by Paule Marshall is an about a white collar class African-American widow, Avey Johnson who sets off into the Caribbean in a voyage transport, Bianca Pride with two of her companions. As the boat lands in Grenada she is spooky by bad dreams of her Great auntie Cuney. Her bad dream stirs in her a vacancy and aching for something that she can't at first clarify. Her life about that point had appeared to be effective, particularly according to other people, practically like the American dream. Inside this piece of the novel an excursion of recovery and recuperating of a past that has been to a great extent of her more youthful years and get in the American long for budgetary security and a White-characterized decency. Paule Marshall brings the peruser into an excursion of a befuddled disturbed widow on a costly journey, who at that point gets herself and frees herself into a more profound comprehension Guevara 2 of her social and familial legacy. Inside the start of the novel, the peruser can anticipate a feeling of lost personality inside the character, when her little girl, Marion delivers her concerning why she wants to go on these travels with individuals who don’t completely acknowledge her as an equivalent. At the point when she at long last looked into it had been everything she could do, from her appearance, not to connect and get her mom by the shoulders and shake her the manner in which she may have one of her understudies. To shake sense into her. â€Å"Why go on some negligible voyage with a lot of white society...

Why Your SaaS Company Needs a Quarterly All Hands Meeting

Why Your SaaS Company Needs a Quarterly All Hands Meeting In your company’s growth journey, it’s important to take the time to assess its progress, mission, and direction. This should happen quarterly, as short-term goals can often become the focus of decision making and take away energy from your main objectives. On our team, we’ve found that a quarterly all hands meeting can keep your company focused on making meaningful, long-term progress. In this blog post, Ill share with you what weve found to work best. At Pusher, we run a quarterly three-day session with everyone in the company. The time spent together on evaluating our activities helps our team to grow and build a shared understanding of our mission. It pushes us to break down silos and structure our plans for improvement. As the CEO, this is one of the areas I most enjoy being involved in. As we all take the time to reflect on our progress, we can connect with each other and align our goals for the next quarter. Our all hands meetings have become a ritual for us and they’re part of our organizational heartbeat. I believe there are five reasons why any growing SaaS company needs to have a quarterly all hands meeting: 1. To Establish a Shared Mission One of the primary aims of a quarterly all hands meeting is to refocus and reinforce the company mission; in our case, to empower developers to build great software so they can change the world for billions of people. Various aspects of our mission are available on our website, on our wiki, and in our onboarding sessions. However, as the company scales and we’re hiring new people, its important that everyone knows the mission and hears about it from the executive team firsthand. By having a shared understanding of our goals, we can allow people to work autonomously by aligning their work with  our company values. We balance autonomy and accountability in our employees daily work by measuring our progress against our quarterly objectives and by  providing consistent feedback. When people find meaning in their work they also find a sense of ownership, according to HBR. Therefore, every quarterly all hands meeting is an opportunity to look into the future and position ourselves on our historical trajectory. Tactic 1: Make sure you focus on the company’s mission and values every quarter so that your employees are aligned with it. Productive Product Management Discover MeisterTask Discover MeisterTask 2. To Deconstruct Inefficiencies As well as building a shared model, we are also constantly trying to fight against inefficiency and lack of effectiveness. Weve found there are 3 main areas where inefficiency starts to creep in over time: People forget the mission (related to point one) or form their own ideas of the mission, extrapolating things that aren’t there. Processes get sloppier: by not doing things we should be doing, or by wasting time doing things we shouldn’t instead. For example, if our quarterly focus is exploring new customer pipelines, then we should be avoiding time spent on reiterating old marketing strategies. People lose energy: their morale falls or they question what others are doing. The quarterly all hands meeting is an opportunity to pick ourselves up on these points, through team retrospectives. Each quarterly all hands meeting at Pusher has a theme and this helps us actively review what we have achieved during each quarter. This includes assessing which strategies worked and where to go next. Although we hold separate sessions for each department, most discussions are cross-departmental as we solve current challenges and establish processes to address them. Tactic 2: Find a theme for each review meeting and make sure that there are focused cross-departmental activities that support it. 3. To Constantly Improve In addition to finding a common understanding of our goals and preventing bad habits from forming, the route to success is built on constant improvement of everything we’re doing. This means everything from product development  to making sure that we’re all aligned with our company values. Operational excellence doesnt spring from anywhere. We emphasize this through an anonymous internal survey, which we send at the end of each quarterly all hands meeting. In the survey, we ask for feedback on each session and we apply that learning to improve our processes. This helps us discover what we are doing well and how we need to  improve our company culture. It’s a process of acknowledging mistakes and being willing to make changes. Tactic 3: Seek feedback from your team on how to improve. 4. To Evaluate Your Activity In our quarterly all hands meeting, we aim to demonstrate our company’s values of trust and accountability by being transparent about its functioning. This is essential for creating a culture where SaaS companies can be successful, so our management team tries to be open about our organizational shortcomings, and our outputs. We also demonstrate accountability by reviewing our previous objectives and evaluating whether we’ve lived up to them. This can include reviewing our sales and marketing results, progress in product development, hiring stats and progress of our work in the diversity committee. We also make sure that everyone in the company receives an update on our financial situation. That’s why we view each quarterly all hands meeting as a link in a chain of constant improvement, rather than seeing it in isolation. Tactic 4: Review what went wrong in the last quarter to be open and transparent with your team. 5. To Break Down Silos The final reason for holding our quarterly get-together is about our people. For me, this is the most important point. As any organization gets larger it becomes harder to maintain good working relationships between colleagues and understand how they are contributing to its mission. While operating in departmental silos is often a necessary evil, as it reduces the amount of context employees need for their day-to-day work, it’s equally important to make sure that communication lines remain open. Smashing the silos is a good way to avoid a lack of information flow, enabling a more coordinated decision-making workflow. The central day of our quarterly all hands meeting is an opportunity for team members to work with colleagues they wouldn’t  normally interact with. It provides a chance to have fun, exchange ideas, and hopefully form links that strengthen our company network as a whole. For example, we make sure that our sales and marketing teams work together to map common projects for the upcoming quarter. These could mean creating commercial videos or case studies with our clients, optimizing our website, or making sure we test the right messages with the right stakeholders. Importantly, this day is also about having fun together. We always plan a social evening for the whole company and aim to let people get to know each other outside of our daily work. Tactic 5: Plan a social workshop in which the whole company can take part. This is an organic way to help break down silos in your company. Seeing the Bigger Picture A quarterly all hands meeting is a great opportunity to solidify your company’s culture. As your company grows, the quarterly review process will change to accommodate its needs. Ultimately, it’s all about employees understanding the direction of the company and how they fit into the bigger picture. I hope some of these tactics we use at Pusher will help you to think about how you can inspire your employees to feel connected to your company mission, and its overall growth trajectory, with a quarterly all hands meeting. Max Williams, Founder and CEO of  Pusher Product management, simplified Discover MeisterTask Discover MeisterTask

The Government Should Control The American Peoples

The government should control the American peoples’ diet. Poor diet choices result in increased health care costs which affects every tax payer in America. Poor diet contributes to obesity which results in an increase in a plethora of diseases. The cost of these diseases has a huge economic impact on the country. The government owes it to its citizens to control these costs through diet regulation. It also owes its citizens the opportunity for optimal health. Poor diets can lead to obesity. There are an estimated 300,000 deaths per year that can be attributed to obesity. Tobacco is the only thing that causes more preventable deaths per year than obesity in the United States. Obesity is expected to overtake it soon and become the†¦show more content†¦Obesity is a casual factor in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, gallstones, cancer, and musculoskeletal diseases. Diabetes type II is a devastating disease. It has been established that the higher a person’s body mass index (BMI) the more likely they are to develop diabetes type II. 96.4% of type II diabetes can be directly attributed to obesity. This disease often results in daily medication usage and hospitalization. It can even result in loss of organs or limbs. Often diabetic patients suffer from failed kidney function and must rely on daily dialysis. The direct cost of obesity related type II diabetes in 1995 was $32.2 billion and the indirect cost was $30.74 billion. Another risk of obesity is hypertension. â€Å"Obese persons have an approximately five to six times greater risk of developing hypertension than lean people†. Hypertension places a person at risk for stroke, heart attack, or organ failure. Most people with hypertension must also take daily medications. In 1995, the direct cost of obesity related hypertension was $3.23 billion. The indirect costs have not been measured. There is an established connection with obesity and high lipids. This can result in increased risk of coronary heart disease. In 1995, it was

Canine Assisted Activities Within Special Education

Running head: CANINE-ASSISTED ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION The ‘New’ â€Å"Man’s best friend†: The positive influences a Canine-Assisted Activities can have on special education students in the classroom Ally Kowalski Crown College The ‘New’ â€Å"Man’s best friend†: The positive influences a Canine-Assisted Activities can have on special education students in the classroom You’ve heard the saying countless times, â€Å"Man’s best friend.† Although what does it mean? In today’s growing need for therapeutic answers, it has become an answer to countless disabled children’s cry for help. â€Å"Fido† is no longer just your typical house pet. News reporters show countless, heart-touching stories about dogs performing amazing acts as†¦show more content†¦Countless studies and findings have found that throughout many cities and states, there is some increase since 2000 on the dollars spent on special education classrooms throughout the country. This financial strain has kept many schools struggling to keep the classroom supplied with proper teachers, paraprofessionals and support for the multiple metal disabilities throughout the classrooms. With the increase of diagnoses of Autism, Development Cognitive Disabilities, and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, many have been on the search for new therapies to hel p students in the classroom and at home. One that is growing is Animal-Assisted therapy and activity. This can include Therapeutic horseback riding, swimming with dolphins, and Canine-Assisted Therapy. Most prominent among the animal-assisted therapies is with Canines. This has become a simple method for families because a canine can travel with a child, whether it is to school, home, or any other public place. As a multiple dog owner, I have experienced first-hand the role a dog can play in one’s life. During my sophomore year of high school, we had to do a project for some school credit; the project was very open in terms of choosing what to do. My friend and I decided to bring our dogs into our middle school and just simply interact and have fun with the special education classes. The project was mostly written up as our â€Å"good Samaritan† act of the day, although I knew there was more behind what we were doing.

Enhancement Of Computer Literacy In Primary Students At Central Colleges Free Essays

string(264) " This paper will place and analyse why the Computer Literacy in primary pupils is dwindling, the factors which determine literacy and suggest recommendation for the publicity of mechanism that needs to heighten accomplishments, cognition in primary degree pupils\." 1. Beginning of usage of Information and Communication Technology have been re-engineering about all the Fieldss of human life from basic demands like pass oning with friend populating abroad to cardinal demands like instruction, wellness and administration. That is non merely a technological development but besides a societal revolution that enforces the primary pupils, to detect new wonts, advanced ethical motives and production of new life systems, so that to accommodate with planetary alteration in human civilization and life manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Enhancement Of Computer Literacy In Primary Students At Central Colleges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our instruction system besides to be formulate to run into this construct and to be aligned with this new engineering. Hence, the advanced distribution of Information Communication Technology ( ICT ) for instruction of primary pupils is going compulsive demand since the professionalism is the anchor that could alter the civilization and the society in clip to clip towards create outstanding life status expected by the people. 2. Today, it is highly of import that a primary pupil should be competent with coherency in the country of computing machines and engineering. It is impossible to be successful in today ‘s occupation market and high tech life style, if our primary pupils are failed for seasonably educate every bit early as possible to accommodate the bing demand to this topic. 3. The computing machine literacy is now an indispensable tool that all pupils must be familiar with in order to finish their everyday surveies and concentrating for future occupation demand. Whatever our occupation ; Teacher, Planner, Lawyer, Accountant or Salesperson ; computing machine literacy are compulsory them to win. Primary pupils are besides need to derive certain degree of computing machine literacy in order to finish basic every twenty-four hours skills to confront our future society. In Cardinal Colleges in Sri Lanka most of the primary pupils are cognizant with computing machine surveies but they have to utilize it in a manner to accomplish compulsory consequences need for fall in the future universe and fall in the hereafter community. 4. The usage of the cyberspace installation is extremely required accomplishment for pupils and they are to exhaustively get the hang it decidedly. Computer literacy and Internet are about one ; in the same thing normally one is n’t mentioned without the other tagging along. Without the Internet, there would be no manner to immediately happen the name of a celebrated book your favourite author was in five old ages ago. Primary pupils will necessitate to be familiar with the Internet in all types of educational methods whether it is research on any subject or surfing for information. For this purpose primary pupils need to cognize what a hunt engine is and how it works, what a keyword is and how it works, how to open a browser and how to utilize a nexus, etc. The Internet is a immense wealth of information that every pupils should take advantage for gather information accomplishments. There are web sites that will assist primary pupils to happen educational Tourss by posting th eir sketch online. Online skills allow primary pupils to larn and portion societal, cultural, environmental facts of other states, people and faiths. Many secondary degree pupils today are now acquiring their degree online in the comfort of their ain places on their ain agenda. It ‘s astonishing how today with a twosome of chinks, every pupil can travel anyplace in the universe in two, three seconds without go forthing their computing machine. 5. Promotion of computing machine literacy is one of the most indispensable countries in instruction. The of import function which it plays is rational, societal, emotional and religious development of kids. The pupils usually use centripetal perceptual experiences to cognize his immediate milieus. It is automatically widens his vision. The computing machine literacy accomplishments of pupils are non a one clip experience. It is a uninterrupted life-time experience. It is accepted that a proper accomplishments of Computer Literacy has to be inculcated and nurtured in the early old ages of age. 6. It must be distinguished as the ability to work with understanding and grasp. In Sri Lanka computing machine is largely a â€Å" Information Communication Technological † accomplishment which is brought about by beastly repeat of a given stimulation together with the appropriate response. It is a affair of some uncertainty whether all kids have acquired the ability to larn in the echt sense, by the clip they have reached school go forthing age. It needs at least four old ages to achieve the computing machine accomplishment and is it sensible to anticipate these kids who drop out after primary degree to prolong that accomplishment afterwards? Computer literacy is a non a terrible complex procedure. It is an mean simple accomplishment which one time learned, can be increased with referral to the Information Technological contented publications. Chapter II Methodology Purpose 1. This paper will emphasis and analyse why the kids are non skilled in Computer Literacy and for examine the factors which determine computing machine literacy in kids and what stairss have to be taken for the sweetening of computing machine literacy and information technological accomplishments in primary school kids in Central Colleges in Sri Lanka. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2. It is required to analyze of Primary degree pupils of Central Colleges computing machine literacy and the present environment to heighten their capablenesss in computing machine literacy. In this research demand to concentrate on their Computer educational system and clear up the troubles and the to the mechanism that they required to beef up the computing machine literacy, information engineering facets, as sing the future occupation chances that can be gained by primary pupils in Central Colleges Sri Lanka. 3. The inquiry is at present scenario is, the primary school pupils in Central Colleges in Sri Lanka have non been able to get the needed criterion of Computer literacy, and information engineering to heighten their minimal accomplishments required in Computer field. 4. This paper will place and analyse why the Computer Literacy in primary pupils is dwindling, the factors which determine literacy and suggest recommendation for the publicity of mechanism that needs to heighten accomplishments, cognition in primary degree pupils. You read "Enhancement Of Computer Literacy In Primary Students At Central Colleges" in category "Essay examples" RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 5. Mechanism will be beef uping to confront the future occupation demand. In this facet is to be achieved in a manner of researching experimental computing machine survey of counsel in preparation with Government educational policies on Information Technology for sweetening of Computer Literacy of primary pupils in Central Colleges Scope OF STUDY The range of this research focused on the primary pupils in Grade 1 to Rate 5, their instructors and principals are to pull out their thoughts by questionnaire and interviews. Besides the research will analyse educational specializers ‘ personal positions on what should be the background environing the primary school kids to advance their Computer literacy. The namelessness of the research worker was maintained by inquiring inquiries from certain group caputs and instructors under the name of a consented person. The intent was to extinguish colored replies which may be given as a consequence of the fact that the inquiries are presented by a known IT teacher. This is besides to look into any differences in response for the same inquiries based on computing machine literacy. This method is adopted as the subject is of sensitive nature and based wholly on single attitudes. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 7. Data aggregation methods are as follows. a. Primary beginning. ( 1 ) Primary beginning of information were collected by questioning IT educationists and caputs of schools. ( 2 ) Further information aggregation done by a questionnaire prepared for the primary school pupils and their instructors. B. Secondary beginnings. Books, paper articles and web sites used as the secondary beginnings of information. Chapter ORGANIZATION The thesis is structured as follows: a. Chapter I Introduction B. Chapter II Methodology Chapter III Computer Literacy of Primary Students in Central Colleges ( 1 ) Computer literacy debut of primary pupils ( 2 ) Present literacy accomplishments and IT environment of primary pupils Chapter IV Weather educational support and the needed counsel and aid will supply to heighten the computing machine literacy How instructors adopt educational method to better computing machine literacy of pupils through policies of educational section. How the other facets on substructure installations given to better on computing machine literacy of primary pupils ( 3 ) Enhancement of Computer literacy and IT Skills of Students I Learning involvements of pupils two Students involvements in cyberspace three College IT Environment four Teachers sentiment about Computer literacy Chapter V Impact of Computer Literacy for primary pupils at Central Colleges and future Job demand at society ( 1 ) . How the computing machine literacy aid to increase occupation demand for future society ( 2 ) . Increase occupation demands and the computing machine literacy as chief educational facets of demands in primary pupils. Chapter VI Reasons behind the inefficiency of present patterns on computing machine surveies of pupils. Why the basic computing machine demands can non continue the computing machine instruction at Central Colleges Present accomplishments of pupils and personal involvement on computing machine literacy of primary pupils. Education degree of primary pupils in line with present engineering alterations behind computing machine educational systems. Awareness surveies and competence of instructors on freshly introduced package systems and theories on computing machine surveies. Other facets that can be used to increase the computing machine surveies. The malfunction exist in modus operandi and system stableness on computing machine surveies of pupils Advantages and disadvantages of using equal survey hours for addition computing machine literacy. Chapter VI Chapter VII J. Chapter VIII Chapter III LANGUAGE APTITUDE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN 1. Language is a procedure that helps people to show themselves and to do effectual societal relationship among people all over the universe. It is done linguistic communication that people could get information to better their basic demands such as wellness wonts, consciousness, scientific alterations and different types of accomplishments to gain a life. Piaget, the celebrated physiologist believed that the existent key to human rational development, conceptual development, is linguistic communication. Language is the most effectual manner of communicating. The deficiency of linguistic communication ability frequently hinders one ‘s advancement. The linguistic communication aptitude and literacy public presentation of the primary degree indicates the criterions of kids ‘s reading wonts and information accomplishments. LANGUAGE LEARNING OUTCOME IN SRI LANKA 2. Sri Lanka has attained the first coevals instruction aim of supplying widespread entree to primary instruction ( grades 1-5 ) . However one major challenge that the state has to get the better of is the moderate degree of larning accomplishment in linguistic communication proficiency among primary school kids. 3. Harmonizing to recent surveies carried out by NIE and NEREC, University of Colombo merely between 35 to 38 per cent of primary school pupils have achieved standard degree of their female parent lingua ( Annex ‘B ‘ ) . This is a serious restraint to further acquisition, as all subsequent surveies will pull on the kid ‘s female parent lingua capableness. 4. There is a considerable difference in the accomplishment of command degree in their first linguistic communication between urban and rural schools. Harmonizing to the above surveies more than 40 per cent of urban kids achieve command degree in their female parent linguistic communication contrast to below 34 per cent in rural countries. Besides more than 1/3 of students have failed to accomplish standard degree for their female parent linguistic communication. This shows the dwindling of reading wonts and information accomplishments among primary school kids. 5. The regional disparity in accomplishing command degree in first linguistic communication is clearly shown in Table III.I. 41.24 per cent of Western state Grade 5 pupils achieve command degree in contrast to 42.40 per centum in Uva state pupils have failed to accomplish the needed criterion degree. This shows how the handiness of physical and human resources affects public presentation. Mastery = 80 % – 100 % Non Mastery = 0 – 59 % Table III.I – Achieving command degrees in literacy in Grade 5 – by provincial degrees Source – Performance of Grade 5 pupils in literacy and numeracy – NIE LITERACY SKILLS OF CHILDREN 5. Harmonizing to the research undertaking on development of linguistic communication accomplishments among primary school kids carried out by NLDC ( Annex ‘C ‘ ) , the overall public presentation of Grade 2 students is satisfactory. There is barely any disparity between territories or among school types. 6. The Grade 4 appraisal revealed disparity in public presentation among the territories and between school types. AAVG degree schools show highest public presentation while SS degree schools show hapless public presentation. These fluctuations in public presentation pin-point the inequalities in distribution of acquisition and instruction installations for the school topics, peculiarly in linguistic communication accomplishments. 7. More than half of the figure of students in the sample have non been able to achieve the expected accomplishment degree for the vocabulary A ; synonyms/ opposite word, spelling and grammatical authorship ability and originative squeeze accomplishments for the Grade, after four old ages of schooling. This suggests that they are enduring from deficiency of reading wonts. Chapter IV Reading INTERESTS AND INFORMATION SKILLS OF CHILDREN Reading INTERESTS OF CHILDREN 1. There is no peculiar age at which a kid should really get down the procedure of larning to read. It should appeal to existent activity, to self-generated work based upon personal demand and involvement. Children have an innate desire to cognize about their milieus. As the kid develops larning through centripetal perceptual experience, he becomes more and more funny to understand his environment ; what has happened and what is go oning are his involvements. 2. Children may come to understand an of import portion of their universe through the experience of reading. They start to larn about reading in a natural and incidental manner. If a book satisfies child ‘s demands, he will get down reading it for pleasance. A kid begins familiarity with a book by looking at images. If the book catches his involvement, he returns to the book once more. Besides he is being exposed to the printed word in the environment such as coach boards, assorted postings on the main road, route marks, labels of goods in the market, advertizements on telecasting and newspapers. The kid sees tonss of words in his environment and attempts to hold on them meaningfully. Therefore, most kids have a signifier of consciousness of the printed word. 3. Harmonizing to the survey it has clearly shown that kids are interested in books, magazines, kids ‘s documents and they have a thirst for information, cognition and communicating. This built-in desire and involvement found in kids has to be harnessed to better their reading wonts and information accomplishments. As such it is the responsibility and duty of the parent, the instructor and the governments to take the full usage of it. Table IV.I would wish to pass my Table IV.II would wish to pass my leisure clip aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.- Grade 2 leisure clip aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.- Grade 4 CHILDREN ‘S INTERESTS IN MEDIA 4. The child gets motivated to read when he hears narratives or when an grownup reads aloud a narrative to him. Today the kid could acquire this type of satisfaction through the mass media. When kids watch telecasting or listen to the wireless, those programmes which are meant for kids create consciousness and demand for reading and they could be made usage of to develop reading wonts and information accomplishments. 5. As per the survey it is revealed that Both Grade 2 and 4 kids ‘s best telecasting programme is cartoon narratives. Most of kids like to listen to vocals and narratives by wireless. These involvements could be made usage of in varied ways to develop reading wonts and information accomplishments in the schoolroom and place. Table IV.V – Interest on Television Table IV.VI – Interest on Television Grade 2 Grade 4 Table IV.V – Interest on Radio Table IV.VI – Interest on Radio Grade 2 Grade 4 Table IV.I – Grade 2 Table IV.II – Grade 4 Children ‘s involvements on kids ‘s paper 6. Above two tabular arraies indicate that a really high per centum of kids in all three territories read kids ‘s documents. It was found that this is a wont developed by the good instructors of those schools by interchanging documents within the category, when those parents who could afford to purchase documents for their kids convey them to school. This high per centum suggests that if reading stuffs are made available to kids, and so reading wonts and information accomplishments of primary school kids could be decidedly improved. Chapter V Reading AND CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENT 1. As a foundation for the development of reading wonts and information accomplishments, the four linguistic communication accomplishments listening, speech production, composing and reading has to be developed in the schoolroom and the place. The kid should be able to read with easiness and installation in order to develop reading as a wont. The first necessity for this is to derive ability to place letters and words. Then the kid has to read words and sentences to deduce significance and addition cognition, information etc. This is a complex procedure. 2. Reading accomplishments could develop merely if reading stuffs are available. Non handiness of suited reading stuffs create serious restrictions in developing reading wonts. Hence the laying of foundation on a sound terms is the duty of the parent, the instructor and the school. SCHOOL BACKGROUND 3. A teaching-learning state of affairs is significantly affected by the handiness of edifice with sufficient figure of schoolrooms, siting adjustment and furniture. Primary subdivisions of some popular urban schools have more than 50 students in one schoolroom, which could suit merely 40. This state of affairs has resulted adversely. Neither the instructor nor the student could travel approximately freely to give and have single attending. 4. The state of affairs is worse in some schools where the categories are conducted in unpartitioned unfastened halls. In such schools both learning and acquisition has become plodding and some instructors are force to carry on categories under the trees in the garden. 5. The instructor is the cardinal factor in bettering reading accomplishments and wonts in students when resources are sub criterion. In those schools the instructor is the lone beginning of larning. Out of the 25 instructors who supplied information through the questionnaire, 21 are primary instruction trained and 3 are trained alumnuss. However the response of caput of the schools revealed that there are quite figure of instructors who are non trained. The criterion of instruction doubtless recedes when instructors are non trained for the profession. 6. Out of 15 schools entirely primary instruction is given in merely 5 schools. In those schools primary instruction is wholly managed by a Deputy Head. Of other 8 school primary caputs three are trained five are alumnuss with station sheepskin. Academic professional position of the caput of the school, his attitude toward bettering the female parent lingua, committedness to his profession, his support in supplying reading stuffs and advancing reading wonts is of significance in this context. 7. Out of 15 schools of the sample five schools do non posses libraries providing to the reading demands of primary school kids. Out of the 10 school libraries three of them have 100 – 500 books. Three school libraries have less than 1000 books and two National schools in Colombo territory and one National school in each other two territories have a wealth of 3000 or more books. The two schools in the sample which have a few books received as a contribution complained that there are no storage installations available for them even to maintain them safely. Out of the 15 schools 7 schools do non purchase even a individual newspaper. In the average clip out of remainder 8 schools merely 5 schools buy kids ‘s paper for the primary school kids. 8. Except for the national schools bibliothecs trained for the occupation are non available in the remainder of the schools. In most of these schools a instructor from the staff helps in the library. In three schools a miss is employed for the work in the library paying a nominal fee. 9. This clearly displays the disparity between schools with sub standard resources and schools with above mean standard resources. This fact substantiates the position presented earlier that the socio economic degree at place and school affect achievement degree of kids. TEACHERS OPINION ABOUT Reading 10. The response presented by the 25 instructors of the schools of the sample revealed that kids are truly interested in reading and instructors do their best to advance reading by pull offing schoolroom libraries under hard state of affairss. Each kid in the schoolroom brings a narrative book at the beginning of the twelvemonth. Sometimes instructors give the names of the list of narrative books. Besides those who can afford to purchase kids ‘s paper conveying them to the category. These books and documents are exchanged among the students. There by instructors help kids to develop reading wonts. Alternatively in some schools instructors get a few books, approximately 30 from the secondary school library and administer them among kids one time a month or so. 11. Some instructors are of the sentiment that the primary course of studies contain far excessively much stuff for the twelvemonth that they can non finish and it is hard for them to concentrate on developing the reading wonts separately. There should be truth in the content of the course of study to provide single demands. Besides they pointed out that Grade 2 and Grade 4 even Grade 5 text books do non actuate kids to read as the narratives do non rouse their feeling and wonder. Narratives do non make chances for kids to believe. Therefore the instructors say that kids automatically read by bosom, even if they can non place letters, words or significance of what they pretend to read. Therefore the governments concerned have to be more cautious in the choice and rating course of study and text book content. 12. Teachers besides revealed that in add-on to the scarceness of reading stuff, kids of sub criterion and mean type schools suffer from other lacks such as socio economic conditions at place, big households, parents non been educated, their inability to recognize the importance of reading. 13. Method of learning dramas an of import function in larning state of affairs. What was observed was instructors are more concerned with covering the course of study, simply utilizing general methods of learning without thought of particular and advanced techniques and single differences of scholars. There is barely any system of measuring reading. Teachers do non look to set about feedback programmes and maintain record of it. Lack of learning AIDSs was observed in most of the schools and instructors depend merely on ‘Talk and Chalk ‘ . Home BACKGROUND 14. Research done in western states has revealed that success in reading had been achieved by kids who were provided with plentifulness of chances for reading and entree to books. Avid readers had narratives read or told to them on a regular basis by parents or expansive parents. 15. Children read anything and everything they get hold of as they are interested in reading. If is hence the responsibility of the grownups to choose suited books for kids, as they can non know apart between suited books and books non suited for them and measure them. 16. It is assumed that when household size is big, kids do non acquire equal demand satisfaction enjoyed by kids of little households of the same income degree. In the questionnaire the household size of students was divided in to two classs. a. Class 1 – Number of household members four or less B. Class 2 – Number of household members five or more Table V.I – Bespeaking household size 17. Harmonizing to the tabular array V.I in Colombo territory smaller sized households per centum is higher than other two territories. This factor seemed to hold affected the achievement public presentation of kids, as it is evident from the highest ML per centum in Colombo territory. 18. Parental support in providing reading stuffs such as books, documents and magazines doubtless helped development of kids ‘s reading wonts and information accomplishments. This in bend is conditioned by the socio economic position of parents. Table V.II A ; Table V.III indicate the figure of books Grade 2 and Grade 4 kids posses is quite eloquent of this factor. Table V.II – No. of books kids posses for auxiliary reading – Grade 2 Table V.III – No. of books kids posses for auxiliary reading – Grade 4 19. The tabular array V.II shows 10 per cent of Grade 2 students in Colombo territory have more than 10 books for excess reading while other two territories kids have below 10 books. Besides the tabular array V.III indicates 54 per cent of Grade 4 students in Colombo territory have more than 10 books for excess reading while other two territories it is below by 36 per cent. This factor besides seemed to hold affected the achievement public presentation of kids, as it is evident from the highest ML per centum in Colombo territory. 20. The names of books read by students indicate that they read whatever those come in their manner, they have no pick. They read anything and everything they get hold of as they are interested in reading. It is hence, the responsibility of the grownups to choose suited books for kids as they can non know apart between suited books and books non suited for them and measure them. Daily % Lord’s daies % Sometimes % Never % Kandy 12.9 40.5 35.3 11.2 Kalutara 19.5 34.5 32.7 13.3 Capital of sri lanka 22.4 41.3 28.4 7.8 Entire % 18.2 38.8 32.2 10.7 Table V.IV – Houses that bargain newspapers – Grade 4 21. 10.7 per cent of the overall sample of kids ‘s parents do non purchase a newspaper. However 38.8 per cent of the sample bargain Sunday newspapers. This may be due to the fact that other signifier of mass media like the telecasting and wireless are being sought after for enjoyment and acquiring information. Thereby a good chance that the parents could offer in actuating the kid to develop his wont of reading is neglected. It is merely a really hapless per centum of parents buy newspapers daily. Even in Colombo territory 22.4 per cent of the sample merely buy newspapers daily. It may hold been caused by two factors. It may be due to miss of money or of clip to read documents. Whatever it is, if the parents could afford to purchase newspapers day-to-day it would be a motive for the kid to read and better their information accomplishments. Chapter VI SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 1. More than 1/3 of primary school students have failed to accomplish standard degree for their female parent linguistic communication. 2. Most of Grade 2 students have acquired the linguistic communication skills satisfactorily. 3. a. More than 50 per cent of students have non acquired the linguistic communication accomplishments expected for the class, at the terminal of the twelvemonth. B. Performance of Grade 4 students in vocabulary A ; synonyms/ opposite word, spelling and grammatical authorship ability and originative squeeze accomplishments are really hapless. 4. There is a pronounced disparity in accomplishment of linguistic communication accomplishments among territories and between school types. 5. There is no just proviso of physical and human resources available in schools as yet for the publicity of reading wonts and information accomplishments. 6. Most of the primary schools of the sample do non posses libraries. Lack of suited reading stuffs, bibliothecs, varied sorts of books, a big measure of books of quality to provide to change demands and involvements of primary kids are found to be obstructions which stand in the manner of development of reading wonts and information accomplishments. 7. The course of study, text books and methods of learning do non look to accommodate the changed society of the modern twenty-four hours and it will non supply any encouragement to kids for the betterment of reading wonts. 8. The parental support and encouragement at place is non plenty for the kids to develop reading wonts and information accomplishments. 9. Family size the and the socio economic position of parents affect to the development of reading wonts and information accomplishments of kids. 10. Childs are interested in books, magazines, kids ‘s documents and they have a thirst for information, cognition and communicating. Chapter VII Decision 1. Reading is one of the most of import constituents of linguistic communication. It is a basic tool topic particularly in primary school. Reading helps to larn all the other countries of the school course of study and provides critical agencies of larning. Reading is believed as a procedure of geting information, having a massage from a print in a meaningful manner. 2. Reading is of greatest significance to the educationalist because it is their duty to steer the kid to develop his entire personality for the public assistance of the single kid and for the public assistance of the full society and besides because it is the right of the kid to be literate. It is of import for kids to read good books and develop their reading wonts and information accomplishments, in order to turn physically and mentally. Good reading wonts are necessary for a healthy rational growing. 3. It is a affair of some uncertainty whether all kids have acquired the ability to read in the echt sense, by the clip they have reached school go forthing age. Teacher influence, place background and book proviso hold the key to an betterment in reading. The chief aim of transporting out this survey was to happen out the ground for lack in reading wonts and information accomplishments among primary school kids. The quality of reading wonts and information accomplishments of anyone depends on many factors. Cardinal factors among those are ability to read with easiness and installation, comprehended what is read and infers information. Besides achievement degree of reading wonts and information accomplishments depend on the ability to construe either in written or unwritten signifier when necessary state of affairs arise. 4. During this research it has been observed that there is no just proviso of physical and human resources in the schools to develop reading wonts and information accomplishments in primary school kids. It is besides revealed that this of import duty has non been undertaken earnestly and satisfactorily either by the parents or by the instructors and governments concerned though the kids have clearly shown that they are like to be engaged in excess reading. 5. This survey suggests that there should be quality and measure betterment in kids ‘s reading wonts in Sri Lanka. Besides there should be better methods of choosing books for kids and better technique to administer them, within primary school kids. Further it suggests to supply sufficient physical and human resources to the primary schools to develop kids ‘s reading wonts and information accomplishments. Chapter VIII RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EDUCATION AUTHORITIES 1. About 50 per cent of the schools of the sample suffer due to miss of physical and human resources. Equitable proviso of resources to all primary schools in the inland is an impossible undertaking. Yet, action has to be taken to relieve these disagreements by providing basic necessities, such as separate categories, libraries and reading suites, 500 – 1000 kids ‘s books a few magazines and kids ‘s documents, storage installations and trained bibliothecs. Renovating primary school edifices at least one time a twelvemonth and besides maintain the ambiance of the school pleasant and attractive to kids is recommended. 2. Principles as leaders have to educate the parents and acquire their aid for the public assistance of the school. Besides could seek community aid for readying of learning AIDSs, acquiring reading stuffs as contributions from the flush etc. Leadership and committedness of principals is critical importance for the betterment of kids ‘s instruction. Therefore caput of the schools have to be selected carefully and they should be given a preparation how to develop primary kids ‘s instruction by bettering reading wonts. SUGGESTIONS FOR PARENTS AND TEACHERS 3. Developing the love for good reading is one of the greatest benefits that we can supply for kids. In order to enrich the reading environment of kids, reading wonts should make the people in rural countries. We have to advance reading among them. Therefore engagement of people in the community should be promote in reading publicity activities, because first and first parents have to understand how of import it is for kids to read good books and develop a reading wont. 4. Parents ‘ consciousness towards reading dramas an of import function in advancing reading by making a reading household environment. The parents should recognize that reading must get down from a really immature age and the instructors should steer them. Mothers can assist a great trade in advancing reading wonts by narrating narratives, singing rimes, vocals, verse forms etc, while feeding, dressing their kids. 5. Those who are able can read books to kids who can non read letters. This will make merely an involvement in kids to read. When kids can read female parents should listen to their reading and praise them. Then kids will experience proud of them and go fond of reading and accordingly parents would purchase reading stuffs whenever they could. 6. The school is the centre in advancing reading wonts and information accomplishments among kids. The instructor is the cardinal factor who integrates all activities of kids ‘s acquisition. One possible agencies of advancing reading wont by the instructor is to form a category library or a book corner exposing kids to a richer reading environment by supplying more printed stuffs to accommodate the class degree. This could be done with the cooperation of parents. 7. The instructor should form a free reading activity one time a hebdomad. She could present such points as marionette shows, games, competitions, dramas, play, narrative relation and other activities related to linguistic communication development and reading involvements. 8. The instructors besides must try to associate reading to every activity of the school twenty-four hours. This is possible in the primary school as it offers a conductive environment for integrating survey accomplishments and reading development work into the regular course of study. Because one instructor is normally responsible for most countries of the course of study, the instructor could easy set her normal schoolroom activities for reading publicity. MASS MEDIA AND READING HABITS DEVELOPMENT 9. Using mass media is another avenue for making an involvement in reading. For illustration holding interesting book reappraisal columns in newspapers, treatments on books over the wireless and telecasting and besides treatments, kids ‘s programmes etc. These activities would help in circulating information to the multitudes about value of books and reading on a wider graduated table. However sometimes parental neglect force kids to acquire addicted to watching the telecasting and it would be an obstruction for reading wont development. 10. Therefore parents should ; a. Curtail telecasting screening clip and offer kids other interesting activities as options. B. They should watch good programmes with kids and discourse their good facets. c. Talk about force shown on telecasting and show disapproval of aggressive behaviour and point out alternate ways of confronting jobs and see that they watch less force. Distribution OF QUALITY BOOKS 11. It has been found that still there are lacks in the production of quality books for primary school kids. Besides there are lacks in appropriate and just distribution of books, both bibliothecs and instructor replacements etc. Quick remedial action has to be taken to extinguish these defects, for the betterment of reading wonts among primary school kids. 12. There is a deficiency of clear apprehension among authors and publishing houses, of the aim of bring forthing kids ‘s books and how it should be directed. Therefore stairss have to be taken to bring forth quality books, which become more originative and awaken kid ‘s imaginativeness and wonder so that kids begin to read for pleasance, which is a stepping-stone for life long involvement in reading. 13. Distribution of books has to be carried out in such a manner that many kids are benefited. It could be done through public libraries, provincial libraries, community libraries, school libraries and so away. It is indispensable that all primary schools in the island be provided with a library equipped with a scope of books, kids ‘ paper and suited magazines and trained bibliothecs. Thus publicity of better library installations all over the state is envisaged. 14. Library system has to be recognized in such a manner that even a class 2 student could do usage of the library. The kids should be taught how to happen a book, what type of book to choose etc. The instructor should look into the kids ‘s reading wont by inquiring inquiries about the inside informations of books read. These manner kids could be motivated to read, making a life long involvement for reading. 15. Another demand for the twenty-four hours is altering of the library system in conformity with the altering society. Librarians could play a important function in advancing reading wonts among kids with dedication and devotedness. These Public and Provincial libraries can form interesting activities such as ; the narrative hr, quiz competition, book nines, book carnivals, reading cantonments, reading hebdomads at regional, provincial and national degrees with the co-operation of high bookmans. How to cite Enhancement Of Computer Literacy In Primary Students At Central Colleges, Essay examples

The Novel 1984 By George Orwell Is An American Classic That Explores T

The novel 1984 by George Orwell is an American classic that explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the negative-utopian society. Imagine living in a "world of monstrous machines and terrifying weapons. Warriors fighting, triumphing, persecuting...three million people all with the same face,"(64) and there is the world of 1984, frightening, grotesque, and completely controlled by the ruling Party. Winston Smith is an insignificant member of the ruling Party, in the nation of Oceania. Everywhere Winston goes, even his own home, he is watched through telescreens, and everywhere he looks he sees the face of the Party's omniscient leader, the figure known only as Big Brother. The Party controls everything, even the people's history and language. The Party is currently forcing the implementation of an invented language called Newspeak, which prevents the possibility for political rebellion by eliminating all words related to it. Even thinking rebellious thoughts is illegal, and is known as thoughtcrime, which is the worst crime of all. Thoughtcrime is the work of the Thought Police, who "snoop in on conversations, always watching your every move, controlling the minds and thoughts of the people"(6). As the novel opens, Winston feels frustrated by the oppression and rigid control of the Party, which prohibits free thought, sex, and any expression of individuality. He has illegally purchased a diary in which to write his criminal thoughts, and has become fixated on a powerful Party member named O'Brien, whom Winston believes is a secret member of the Brotherhood, the legendary group headed by Emmanuel Goldstein that works to overthrow the Party. Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, where he alters historical records to fit the needs of the Party. He has noticed a co-worker, a beautiful dark-haired girl, staring at him; he worries that she is an informant who will turn him in for his thoughtcrime. He worries about the Party's control of history: it claims Oceania has always been allied with Eastasia in a war against Eurasia, but Winston seems to recall a time when this wasn't true. The Party also claims that Emmanuel Goldstein is the most dangerous man alive, but Winston doubts the claim. He spends his evenings wandering through the poorest neighborhoods in Oceania, where the proletarians, or proles, live relatively unimpeded by Party monitoring. One day, Winston receives a note from the dark-haired girl that reads, I love you. Her name is Julia, and they begin a covert affair, always on the lookout for signs of Party monitoring; they rent a room above the second-hand store in the prole district where Winston bought the di ary. Finally, he receives the message he seeks: O'Brien wants to see him. O'Brien indoctrinates Winston and Julia into the Brotherhood, and gives Winston a copy of Emmanuel Goldstein's book. Winston reads the book to Julia in the room they rent above a store, completely secure from the telescreens, or so they think. Suddenly soldiers crash in and seize them; the proprietor of the store has been a member of the Thought Police all along. Torn away from Julia and taken to a place called the Ministry of Love, Winston finds that O'Brien was a Party spy as well. O'Brien spends months torturing and brainwashing Winston, trying to get him to believe in the Party and all of its hypocrisy like everyone else in Oceania. Winston reaches the final step, and is sent to the dreaded room 101. Here, O'Brien straps a cage full of rats, which is what Winston fears most, onto Winston's head and prepares to allow the rats to eat his face. Winston snaps, pleading with O'Brien to do it to Julia, not to hi m. His spirit broken, and Winston has been fully brainwashed and is released to the outside world. On his way home one day he meets Julia in the streets, and both know that they have betrayed each other in the Ministry of Love. They depart each other with few words, and know that there can never be anything between them again. Winston, a man who once said "the only thing that can keep you human is to not allow the government to get inside you"(137), looks up at a poster of Big Brother,

Topographic Maps

Topographic Maps Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale (often greater than 1:50,000) maps that show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. They are very detailed maps and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The First Topographic Map In the late 17th century, French finance minister Jean Baptiste Colbert hired surveyor, astronomer, and physician Jean Dominique Cassini for an ambitious project, the topographic mapping of France. He [Colbert] wanted the kind of maps that indicated man-made and natural features as determined by precise engineering surveys and measurements. They would portray the shapes and elevations of mountains, valleys, and plains; the network of streams and rivers; the location of cities, roads, political boundaries, and other works of man. (Wilford, 112) After a century of work by Cassini, his son, grandson, and great-grandson, France was the proud owner of a complete set of topographic maps the first country to have produced such a prize. Topographic Mapping of the United States Since the 1600s, topographic mapping has become an integral part of a countrys cartography. These maps remain among the most valuable maps for government and the public alike. In the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for topographic mapping. There are over 54,000 quadrangles (map sheets) that cover every inch of the United States. The USGS primary scale for mapping topographic maps is 1:24,000. This means that one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches on the ground, the equivalent of 2000 feet. These quadrangles are called 7.5 minute quadrangles because they show an area that is 7.5 minutes of longitude wide by 7.5 minutes of latitude high. These paper sheets are approximately 29 inches high and 22 inches wide. Isolines Topographic maps use a wide variety of symbols to represent human and physical features. Among the most striking are the topo maps display of the topography or terrain of the area. Contour lines are used to represent elevation by connecting points of equal elevation. These imaginary lines do a nice job of representing the terrain. As with all isolines, when contour lines lie close together, they represent a steep slope; lines far apart represent a gradual slope. Contour Intervals Each quadrangle uses a contour interval (the distance in elevation between contour lines) appropriate for that area. While flat areas may be mapped with a five-foot contour interval, rugged terrain may have a 25-foot or more contour interval. Through the use of contour lines, an experienced topographic map reader can easily visualize the direction of stream flow and the shape of the terrain. Colors Most topographic maps are produced at a large enough scale to show individual buildings and all streets in cities. In urbanized areas, larger and specific important buildings are represented in black though the urbanized area surrounding them is represented with a red shading. Some topographic maps also include features in purple. These quadrangles have been revised solely through aerial photographs and not by the typical field checking that is involved with the production of a topographic map. These revisions are shown in purple on the map and can represent newly urbanized areas, new roads, and even new lakes. Topographic maps also use standardized cartographic conventions to represent additional features such as the color blue for water and green for forests. Coordinates Several different coordinate systems are shown on topographic maps. In addition to latitude and longitude, the base coordinates for the map, these maps show UTM grids, township and range, and others. Source Campbell, John. Map Use and Analysis. 1991. Monmonier, Mark. How to Lie With Maps. Wilford, John Noble. Mapmakers.

Make Your Own Sugar Crystals for Rock Candy

Make Your Own Sugar Crystals for Rock Candy Its easy to grow your own sugar crystals, which are also known as rock candy because the crystallized sucrose, also known as table sugar, resembles rock crystals and you can eat your finished product. You can grow clear, beautiful sugar crystals with sugar and water or you can add food coloring to get colored crystals. Its simple, safe, and fun. Boiling water is required to dissolve the sugar, so adult supervision is recommended for this project. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: A few days to a week Rock Candy Ingredients 1 cup water3 cups table sugar (sucrose)clean glass jarpencil or butter knifestringpan or bowl for boiling water and  making the solutionspoon or stirring rod How to Grow Rock Candy Gather your materials.You might want to grow a seed crystal, a small crystal to weight your string and provide a surface for larger crystals to grow on. A seed crystal isnt necessary as long as youre using a rough string or yarn.Tie the string to a pencil or butter knife. If you have made a seed crystal, tie it to the bottom of the string. Set the pencil or knife across the top of the glass jar and make sure that the string will hang into the jar without touching its sides or bottom. However, you want the string to hang nearly to the bottom. Adjust the length of the string, if necessary.Boil the water. If you boil your water in the microwave, be very careful removing it to avoid getting splashed.Stir in the sugar, a teaspoonful at a time. Keep adding sugar until it starts to accumulate at the bottom of the container and wont dissolve even with more stirring. This means your sugar solution is saturated. If you dont use a saturated solution, then your crystals wont grow quickly. On the other hand, if you add too much sugar, new crystals will grow on the undissolved sugar and not on your string. If you want colored crystals, stir in a few drops of food coloring.Pour your solution into the clear glass jar. If you have undissolved sugar at the bottom of your container, avoid getting it in the jar.Place the pencil over the jar and allow the string to dangle into the liquid.Set the jar where it can remain undisturbed. If you like, you can set a coffee filter or paper towel over the jar to prevent dust from falling into the jar.Check on your crystals after a day. You should be able to see the beginnings of crystal growth on the string or seed crystal.Let the crystals grow until they have reached the desired size or have stopped growing. At this point, you can pull out the string and allow the crystals to dry. You can eat them or keep them.If youre having trouble growing sugar crystals, here are some special techniques and a video tutorial. Tips: Crystals will form on a cotton or wool string or yarn, but not on a nylon line. If you use a nylon line, tie a seed crystal to it to stimulate crystal growth.If youre making the crystals to eat, dont use a fishing weight to hold your string down. The toxic lead from the weight will end up in the water. Paper clips are a better choice, but still not great.

Modern slavery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern slavery - Research Paper Example Callahan displays the victims as resilient and willing to fight for their right, after being given another chance at life by their benefactors. The first stage in the trafficking process is the presence of some sort of vulnerability in the victim (Bales and Soodalter 141). From the video â€Å"Dreams Die Hard†, the first victim, Maria, was a young girl without a job, desperate and ready to trust an individual she had never met before. Miguel was vulnerable because he needed money to get medical help for his son and help his family. The last two victims, Rose and Christy, needed to get to the United States to get an education. These instances present the vulnerability factors of each victim. The second stage of human trafficking; recruitment, also varies with each individual victim (Bales and Soodalter 142). Maria was recruited through promises of a job in the neighborhood, Miguel was recruited through his own personal effort, and the last two victims were recruited through their families and the hope of a better life. Each victim was recruited into slavery and human trafficking through hope of a better future. The third step in the trafficking process, removal, is also depicted by all the victims. According to Bales and Soodalter (143), the victim has to place themselves into the hands of the trafficker, and in the video, it is evident that all the victims passed through this crucial step. Maria went to the perpetrator’s house voluntarily, Miguel also moved from his home into the trafficker’s hands, and the two girls were sent to the United States by their parents. The next two steps, transportation and establishment of control are often synonymous. In the video, Maria went to the residence of her oppressor willingly, and after some time, she was informed that she had been bought and that her family would be killed if she tried to run. Miguel was controlled by being informed that the money he had paid for transport was not

To what extent was the involvement of Winston Churchill during the Essay

To what extent was the involvement of Winston Churchill during the invasion of Gallipoli ultimately responsible for its failure - Essay Example obsolete and not much use for a battle against the High Seas Fleet, the operation would make no difference to the numerical superiority of the Royal Navy. The failure of its execution nearly destroyed his political career, and tarnished his reputation in the eyes of many contemporaries. For Great Britain, June 1940 was turning into one of the worst months of its modern history. After the swift fall of Belgium, Holland and France via the German Blitzkrieg, the British found themselves completely alone in confronting what seemed to be the invincible war machine of the Third Reich. Many asked themselves at this time whether Winston Churchill, who had only been Prime Minister for a few weeks, was the right person to lead the nation at such a difficult time. In his favour he had his unbreakable faith in victory and unmatched political experience. Nevertheless, there were those who remembered his stubbornness and adventurous character during the First World War, and were convinced that he had led the United Kingdom to spectacular failure at Gallipoli: but was Churchill truly to blame for that defeat? In the Autumn of 1914, barely three months after the beginning of the First World War, the land war had reached a stalemate on the Western Front.1 On the Eastern Front there were signs that the Germans would eventually defeat Russia, especially after Turkey blocked off supplies from Britain and France. After the First Battles of the Marne and Ypres, the Schlieffen Plan, which was supposed to open the route to Paris in the same way that it had been achieved in 1870, had failed.2 In its place there was the beginning of a war of attrition which promised to be long and difficult, and which used up all the resources of the combatants. Its symbol was to be trench warfare in which thousands of men would die for each disputed inch of ground. Bloody attrition in which the battles would end with hardly any change to the position of the Front. The various High Commands

Definition Of The Term Authentic Material

Definition Of The Term Authentic Material During the last decades, English language has been expanding considerably all over the world. In fact, people have started to talk about English language as the new global language. As a consequence of this impressive evolution, our nation has applied several educational measures to the general curriculum of education in order to teach correctly English as a second language in schools. The creation of the program Inglà ©s abre puertas and the changes made to the studying plans of MINEDUC are clear examples of this initiative. Notwithstanding, these attempts of improving the English level in our students did not work at all. Last year, a proficiency test called SIMCE was taken so as to evaluate the level of English language in students of third year of high school, and the results obtained by this assessment were really deficient. Indeed, 89% of all students evaluated were not able to certificate a basic level of English. In light of this pitiful scenario, this paper proposes the use of authentic materials as an interesting and useful ESL teaching technique which can contribute to ameliorate the low level of English in students. In the following paragraphs, it will be stated the definition of the concept authentic materials in the ESL field and the sources where teachers can get them. Furthermore, guidelines for the correct selection of these teaching materials will be provided, and the advantages of using them will be described in detail and supported firmly. As the title of this project says, the subject of study is the use of authentic materials in ESL lessons. Thereby, it is necessary to start by defining what authentic materials really are. Firstly, the conceptualization of teaching/learning materials has to be stated concisely and explicitly. In essence, the term material refers to resources in the classroom which students are able to use with the purpose of improving and complementing their learning process. For instance, a book, a photocopied handout, a poster, a flashcard, a whiteboard, or any technological equipment can be defined as material because they act in a complementary way in the teaching/learning process and include the characteristics mentioned before. As Tomlinson (1998) asserts, they are anything which is used to help to teach language learners.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ anything which presents or informs about the language being learned.(p.11). Although it is easy to delineate the meaning of the term teaching/learning materials, the concept of authenticity is a bit more complex of classifying since there are several different authors who have attempted to define it in the field of second language teaching. For example, Heitler (2005) states that authentic materials are any texts written by native English speakers for native English speakers (p.5), while Tomlinson (1998) ascertains that an authentic text is a text not written or spoken for language teaching purposes. Likewise, Kramsh (1993) adds the term authentic has been used as a reaction against the prefabricated artificial language of textbooks and instructional dialogues, it refers to the way language is used in non-pedagogic, natural communication, and Little and Singleton (1988) declares that an authentic text is a text that was created to fulfill some social purpose in the language community in which it was produced. In the same line, Harmer (1991) defines authentic texts as materials which are designed for native speakers; they are real texts; designed not for language students, but for the speakers of the language, and Sanderson (1999) complements the description of authentic materials saying that they are materials that we can use with the students in the classroom and that have not been changed in any way for ESL students. A classic example would be a newspaper article thats written for a native-English-speaking audience (p.3). As it can be seen, there is a spectrum of distinct conceptualizations of authenticity. However, there is an agreement with some specific characteristics of genuine resources among the definitions established before. One of those shared features is the non-pedagogic purpose. Authentic materials are not produced nor adapted so as to be used for teaching or learning a second language; in fact, they are taken as genuine as possible from the reality. In this way, the artificiality of language is avoided completely. A pos itive consequence since the artificial nature of the language and structures used, make them very unlike anything that the learner will encounter in the real world and very often they do not reflect how the language is really used (Berardo, 2006, p.62). In order to complete this pursuit of genuineness, it is essential to obtain materials produced by native speakers. They interact with their peers inevitably in the target language because it is their innate language. Actually, there is not a better version of spoken or written English than the one made by the people who lives in English spoken cultures, so native production becomes another key aspect in the classification of authentic materials. Considering that any interaction between two native speakers can be used as an authentic material, it is unavoidable to look for common situations with the intention of getting real communication in English. Every person uses his own language to transmit a message to other person, and this pr ocess of normal communication among people has to be captured so as to have the authenticity desired in ESL teaching. Thus, real communication is a vital facet in the conceptualization authentic materials. In sum, the three basic characteristics of authentic materials are non-pedagogic purpose, native production, and real communication. For the purpose of this paper, authentic materials will be classified and identified in respect of those features. Nowadays, there is a huge variety of different sources where materials with the characteristics established before can be found, so the task of selection of adequate genuine resources has become a tough one. Even though, the globalized world offers multiple options to look for proper authentic materials for ESL lessons, there are three prime sources which are the most typical used: internet, literature, and mass media. The first one provides a limitless range of useful materials for ESL classroom. In internet, teachers can find podcast, videos, songs, websites, images, advertising, and plenty of other resources which can serve as authentic materials. All these resources possess the benefits of being constantly updated, and additionally most of them are interactive. Unquestionably, this source is the one which contains more available resources among the three named before, and the procedure of searching for specific information is easy to do as well. These advantages of abundance and easiness plus the others mentioned above make internet a valuable source for ESL teaching. Opposite to the advantages of internet, literature works with others aspects of language. It does not provide many resources to be used as authentic materials; indeed, it mainly provides books. Despite the fact that poems and fairy tales can also be utilized for ESL teaching, they are not applied in lessons in a frequent mode. In regard to books, they not only serve as genuine resources for English teaching/learning, but they also function as a reflection of the community in which was written. From literature, students can extract relevant information about cultures and know in depth their linguistic characteristics. As Sanderson (1999) states, language and cultures are intrexicably linked (p.2), so the cultural background is an important advantage of using literature as a source. In addition to this benefit, there is a special contribution to students made by literature. Most of the books are written with the purpose of transferring human experiences to readers, and these experiences have an intrinsic emotional significance. Hence, teachers can use literature to teach students human values so as to educate them integrally. In that way, they will be exploiting totally these authentic materials, and completing one of the major tasks for educators. By the same token, the other main source for finding genuine resources exhibits benefits akin to the previous ones. Mass media play an essential role in the communication of modern society, and their relevance can be demonstrated with the fact that today people are informed about all the important events which happen in the world due to their communicative labor. Mass media function as a way of global communication, and their product is abounding and immediate information. There are several resources from mass media which can be utilized for ESL teaching as magazines, TV programs, live radio and newspapers, but just the last men tioned provides numerous benefits as authentic material. According to Sanderson (1999), there are numerous reasons to use newspapers in classroom, and the stronger ones are general educational value, cultural background, reader interest, and varieties of English. The first one refers basically to the fact that newspapers inform people about what is happening in the world and elaborate on their general knowledge about their reality. The second one refers to the reflection of the culture where a newspaper is written in the language used within it. It is similar to the contribution of books in ESL lessons. The third reason is explained by the assortment of topics and sections which a newspaper contains. Due to that diversity of subjects, readers can be motivated and interested in working with them. The final argument points out the wide range of text types and language styles that newspapers offer to ESL teachers. It is not easy to find this multiplicity in others resources. In view of the advantages of using newspapers described before, they are definitely a beneficial and practical material for ESL teaching. Regardless the fact that plenty of texts can be taken from the three prime sources named in the previous paragraph, it does not mean that all the materials contained in them will be appropriate for ESL teaching. Actually, many examples of language use could be too complex, or too informal for L2 pedagogy. Thus, there are certain criteria which serve as filter for this profusion of resources. According to Berardo (2006), some specific traits have to be pondered in the selection of authentic materials. The most important one is the suitability of the text. The material has to be related to the needs of the students, and additionally it must be motivating for them. For instance, it will be absurd to use a conversation about the construction of a building between two engineers as a learning material if the learners are studying medicine or law because the resources utilized do not fit with the needs of the students. For this purpose, it is necessary to know as many aspects of the student s as possible, so teachers can look for attractive and relevant genuine resources. A useful way of collecting likes and dislikes of students is the use of surveys. By using that technique, teachers can accrue the necessary knowledge about the target group so as to find apt materials. Other factor to consider in selecting materials is exploitability. The text which will be used in class must have a teaching purpose. It should demand coherent and significant tasks from students in order to be helpful for the ESL lesson. Even though authentic material contains real English language, they could not have a use in the classroom if they do not require students to do fruitful exercises. Consequently, the fact of providing native English language is not enough to select a material for an ESL lesson. The texts extracted from the sources must be compatible with the objectives of the class. In addition to this, the complexity of a text should be also considered in the process of deciding if a m aterial is appropriate for ESL teaching. The language level of the genuine resource chosen must match with the language level of students. Linguistic features as structural and lexical ones can affect directly the understanding of students about the text, as well as the amount of new vocabulary and any new grammatical forms present in the material. A teacher cannot pretend to work with materials which their students are not even able to comprehend. The last element which needs consideration in the choice of proper teaching resources is presentation. The contextualization of the authentic material is a detail that cannot be sidestepped. Pictures, photographs, realia and concept maps can help students not only to grasp correctly the gist of the text, but also can aid to construct an imaginary image of the context in which the genuine resource was created. Besides, those elements add attractiveness to materials and stimulate students to learn the target language. The appearance of text s is the first aspect that students notice when materials a represented to them, so it is vital factor in the attempt of getting the attention of students. Considering the explanations and justifications of each criterion in the procedure of choosing materials, it would be beneficial for the teaching and learning of a second language to apply them. Therefore, teachers have to use the four criteria described thoroughly in the previous lines with the purpose of selecting practical and adequate materials for ESL lessons. As it has been already defined the term authentic materials and has been proposed guidelines to select appropriately them, it is the time to say explicitly why genuine resources should be used in ESL classes since that argument is the gist of this research paper. In concise words, the main reason for utilizing genuine resources in ESL lessons is they provide varied and exclusive advantages to the teaching/learning process of English language. Actually, numerous investigators of the field as Nuttal, Widdowson, Berardo, or Martinez have identified many benefits from the use of authentic materials, and in the following lines the most important ones will be presented to support the idea stated. The first and chief advantage of using authentic materials in ESL class is the exposure to real English. One of the central principles in the application of this kind of teaching resource is to immerse students to as much natural language as possible because learners are accustomed to receive an artificial version of the target language in their normal classes. Inevitably, the English language adapted to instructional purposes loses certain incidental features of genuine communication and reproduces the view of teaching designed by the people in charge, whereas using authentic materials provides readers with the chance to practice English with real models of language and to realize differences between communication of native speakers and non-native speakers. This last sentence offers a convenient bridge to explain the sense of achievement which will be the second advantage highlighted in this section. As students do not commonly work with authentic materials in English classes, they can feel afraid of misunderstanding the whole texts or committing mistakes when they will be working with them. The fear towards materials made in foreign countries affects directly the way in which students acquire the target dialect, and the sense of achievement can be explained with regard to that assumption. As it is believed that genuine resources are complex and hard to work with, students feel really happy and proud of themselves when they are able to grasp the main ideas of texts or to complete the tasks demanded for the material. Any improvement produced by learners pertaining to the comprehension and exploitation of authentic material will be significant for them. It is a unique and progressive procedure of delight in learners. Similar to the last benefit of using authentic materials, the next one is also concerned with the affective dimension of learners. Indeed, the third advantage which will be examined in depth is motivation. Generally, students react in a positive way upon the use of novel teaching/learning materials in everyday classes. These innovative pedagogic resources stimulate learners to practice language in an enthusiastic mode. Introducing authentic materials to an English lesson can attain the affective consequences named before since that kind of materials are unusual for students. Besides, genuine resources usually contain diverse visual stimuli which make them more appealing for learners. Videos, newspapers, brochures, and job advices are examples of that motivating characteristic. In light of the advantages about motivation and sense of achievement, it is important to mention that the affective factors of learning a second language have been investigated exhaustively during the last decades. As a matter of fact, Krashen (1977), who is considered one of the most important authors in the field of second language acquisition, states a hypothesis called affective filter which is about the relevance of feelings and attitudes in the L2 acquisition process. Returning to our focus, the fourth advantage of using authentic materials in ESL lessons is cultural background. By way of genuine resources are real communicative situations extracted from their natural context, there are traits of the context embed in them. Thus, cultural information about a country or a community can be obtained from the use of this type of teaching/learning material. Students not only learn a foreign language when using authentic materials, they also learn about cultures from different parts of the world. Thereby, learners can develop a global knowledge of the lifestyles outside of their country and be acquainted with what is going on in the world around them. In the section about sources of possible materials, there were described some resources which include this advantage as their primary characteristic. The final advantage which will be outlined against the use of common instructional materials is variety. This facet of the use of authen tic material possesses two connotations. The first one refers to the multiplicity of types of texts that teachers can utilize as genuine resources. In the part of the paper where it was discussed the diversity of sources, there were named around twenty distinct authentic resources which can be utilized in ESL class. In there, it was demonstrated that there is an abundance of kinds of genuine resources, and teachers only have to select one according to their teaching purposes. Besides, this wide range of texts includes a variety of language styles too. Students can benefit from them, and develop their basic skills of English language. For example, learners can ameliorate their listening skill by hearing different accents in conversations extracted from native speakers from distinct countries, or they can improve their reading skill by comparing diverse writing styles presented in books which were made in different cultures. The second connotation refers to the assortment of topics wh ich can be found in the sources of genuine resources. This mixture implicates teachers can choose materials considering likes and needs of their students and prepare a lesson which will be relevant and motivating for them. As it has been confirmed in previous paragraphs, the interest of students upon a learning resource can change radically the effectiveness of the class. With all these unique and practical features at their disposal, ESL teachers have to start questioning why they do not use authentic materials commonly in class because at the moment there is not a solid argument to stand out these advantages and benefits. It is compulsory for ESL educators to investigate about different ways to teach English so as to possess a spectrum of distinct methodologies or techniques. Thereby, they can choose an appropriate one pondering the characteristics and needs of their target group of learners. In this respect, authentic materials are teaching resources easy to find and select, and additionally they provide exposure to real English, sense of achievement, motivation, cultural background and variety to ESL classes. Therefore, they must be considered as a valuable and useful teaching/learning material for teachers in the ESL field, and undoubtedly they must be used in a more frequent way in their lessons.

Jefferson Era Study Questions

1. When Lewis and Clark were sent out to explore the new Louisiana Purchase what was the main objective of their trip. a) New Maps of the land b) To find a water way that connected the east to the west c) Make treaties with the Indians d) Find a good place to settle 2. How did outgoing President Adams ensure federalist control of the regional courts? a) Made Marshall chief justice of the Supreme Court b) Judiciary Act of 1801 c) Embargo Act d) Midnight judges 3. When the Embargo Act was put into place who did it affect more? a) America b) France c) Britain d) Spain 4. What did Macon’s Bill state? a) The End of the war of 1812 ) The supreme court alone had the last word on the question of constitutionality c) If Britain or France repealed the commercial restrictions America would restore the embargo act against the non-repealing nation d) Sent 4,000 people to war 5. Who were the war-hawks? a) They were the new hot headed replacements put into congress b) An Indian tribe attacki ng America c) Secret British soldiers dressed as Indians d) A nick name for Federalist 6. Who were the two people that united all the Indians east of the Mississippi? a) Lewis and Clark b) Jefferson and Hamilton c) Tecumseh and the prophet d) Squanto and Sacajawea . What was NOT a outcome from the battle at New Orleans? a) 2000 British soldiers were killed in just a half Hour b) Jackson became a war hero c) The British made the mistake attacking first d) None of the above 8. What was the treaty of Ghent supposed to accomplish? a) Free the slaves b) To get both sides to agree to stop fighting and restore conquered territory c) To build new roads d) To give the man Ghent a new name 9. What was NOT a effect of the war of 1812? a) It heightened nationalism b) Broke the nation apart c) Inspired a lot of writers and painters d) Created a large army and navy 10.What was the main cause of the panic of 1819 a) Unemployment b) Immigrants c) Bank failures and bankruptcies d) Over speculation i n frontier lands 11. The Missouri compromise broke up the salve states and free states at which area did this happen? a) West of the Mississippi b) 36 30’ c) Oklahoma state line d) East of the Mississippi 12. What was NOT part of the American system? a) Created a path breaking tariff for protection not revenue against the British b) Had strong banking system c) Created a network of roads and canals d) Got rid of the central government 13. McCulloch v. Maryland stated that†¦ a) The state can not tax

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